Background and Objective: Numerous factors in industrial environments affect employees' sleep quality and cause poor sleep quality and its related disorders. This study was conducted to investigate factors influencing sleep quality and its related disorders in the process, manufacturing, and service industries.

Materials and Methods: In this study, the related articles published in the Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, SID, IranMedex, and IranDoc databases from 2010 to 2021 were reviewed. Some of the used search terms were "sleep", "sleep quality", "sleep disorder", "process industry", "manufacturing industry", and "service industry". searched articles were reviewed to extract the required data.

Results: Out of the 431 studies identified, 59 articles were eligible for analysis, of which 19 studies were conducted in process industries, 35 studies in service industries, and 5 studies in manufacturing industries. In process industries, fac-tors such as anxiety, depression, shift work, job stress, and exposure to high noise and vibration reduce workers' sleep quality. In the manufacturing industry, work stress, and shift work impair sleep quality. Inadequate sleep quality was common in the service industry, and several factors, including depression, job stress, shift work, and musculoskeletal disorders play a role in this regard.

Conclusion: The results indicate that working conditions are such that people's sleep can be affected by various factors, so more attention should be paid to sleep health. Shift plans should be implemented following the best method. Moreover, it is critical to focus on sleep quality in the workplace.

Background and Objective: Binaural beats are a novel type of non-invasive interventions. The present research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of alpha binaural beats in reducing stress, and rumination and promoting sleep quality instudents with poor sleep quality.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial in which the statistical population included all university students with poor sleep quality in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. According to inclusion criteria and ethical considerations,24 students (12 women and 12 men) took part in this study. To reach the study objectives, the experimental group (12 students) received alpha binaural beats (10 Hz) for 30 minutes for 30 nights, and the control group (12 students) was on the waiting list. The research instruments consisted of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), RuminativeResponse Scale (RRS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).
Results: Based on demographic variables, there was no significant difference for age and gender between control and experimental groups (P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed and showed that alpha binaural beat intervention could have a protective effect on the variables of sleep quality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, P < 0.0001], rumination (OR = 0.85, P < 0.0001), and stress (OR = 0.69, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Alpha binaural beats play an effective role in reducing perceived stress and rumination and improving sleep quality in students. The present study proposed a novel non-invasive intervention for psychological disorders

Background and Objective: Psychological problems including sleeping problems, anxiety, and job burnout are more prevalent among the treatment staff of the patients who suffer from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rather than other treatment staff. Therefore, the current study aimed to predict the quality of sleep based on job burnout and the anxiety of being infected by the disease among this staff.

Materials and Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional research in which 215 participants from the treatment staff filled out the relevant questionnaires online. The sampling was performed by available method and the instruments included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), and Maslach Burnout Invento-ry (MBI). Finally, the data were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software.

Results: A correlation among all variables was observed. Moreover, the total model was significant (adjusted r² = 0.37, P = 0.01) and COVID-19 anxiety (standardized beta = 0.33, P = 0.01) and emotional exhaustion (standardized beta = 0.40, P = 0.01) predicted the sleep quality more than variables of depersonalization (standardized beta = -0.22, P = 0.01) and feeling of success (standardized beta = -0.12, P = 0.06).

Conclusion: COVID-19 anxiety and job burnout are good predictors for sleep problems in the treatment staff of the patients who suffer from COVID-19.

Background and Objective: Sleep habits not only are affected by a person’s health but also affect his/her growth and development. Students with intellectual disability (ID) account for 3% of all students. Since sleep habits are among the basic foundations of learning during childhood, this study aimed to determine the parental view on the sleep habits of students with ID in Hamadan, Iran, during September 23 and December 21, 2019.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 86 students with ID, aged 7-11 years, were selected using the convenience sampling method in Hamadan, Iran, during September 23 and December 21, 2019. Data were collected using a demographic inventory, as well as the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). The pa-rental questionnaires were completed as self-reports by mothers or fathers of students with ID. Data were analyzed us-ing the independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and one-way regression in SPSS software.

Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of sleep habit score of students with ID was 73.66 ± 6.79. The cut-off score in the questionnaire was 41.15% and 85% of the students had moderate and severe sleep disturbance. The highest mean score was for distress in morning awakenings (12.67 ± 2.83), indicating the presence of sleep disturbance among students with ID. Variables of age, sex, and weight of the students, educational attainment and job of parents, household income, private bedroom, and sleeping status could predict 61% of the students’ sleep habits. There was a significant relationship between the father’s job and the sleep habits of the students (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings shed light on sleep disturbances in students with ID. Results suggest that sleep habits in students with ID are associated with their father's job. Sleep health should be considered in planning health promotion strategies of these children.

Background and Objective: Respiratory disorders affect the personality traits and quality of sleep-in pulmonary pa-tients. The purpose of this study was to compare sleep quality and personality factors in patients with chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional project, 70 participants with convenience sampling were enrolled. These participants were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 35 patients with respiratory disorders who were admitted to Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to take pulmonary care and group 2 consisted of 35 healthy people from the patients’ families. All were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS.

Results: There was a significant difference between personality factors in two groups, so that mean of B (reasoning), C (emotional stability), E (dominance), F (liveliness), G (rule consciousness), H (social boldness, and Q3 (perfectionism) factors in the healthy group was higher than the patient group and the mean of M (abstractedness), O (apprehension), and Q4 (tension) factors in the patient group was higher than the healthy group. The mean difference in sleep quality was also significant (P < 0.01) and indicated that patient group had more sleep problems and their sleep quality was poor.

Conclusion: In order to help patients with pulmonary disorders, evaluation of personality status and quality of sleep should be considered. This consideration can help the patients to receive better treatment and their psychological and physical problems would be considered simultaneously.

Background and Objective: Binaural beats are important because these methods are non-invasive intervention meth-ods on sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of brainwave entrainment via binaural beats on the improvement of sleep disorders.

Materials and Methods: An experimental method with pre-test and post-test design was adopted to fulfill the purpose of the present study. The population of the study included all the people aged 20 to 40 years who referred to psychiatric clinics due to insomnia in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. Among this population, a sample size of 24 people was selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (12 people in each group). The Pitts-burgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to collect the required data. An au-ral synchronizer was also used as an intervention in the experimental group. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the hypotheses.

Results: The mean age of the participants in the experimental and control groups was 29.5 and 33.0 years, respectively. The calculated effect size of this treatment was 0.46 for sleep quality and 0.43 for the insomnia. Further, the findings showed that synchronization through binaural beats had the greatest effect on the sleep latency component of PSQI.

Conclusion: Synchronization of brain waves by binaural beats had a significant effect on improving the total score of sleep quality and insomnia.

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