Sleep Habits in Students with Intellectual Disability

Zahra Mortazavi; Hojjat allah Haghgoo; Nasrin Gohari; Kimia Bakhtiari; Salman Khazaei; Saideh Sadat Mortazavi

doi:10.18502/jss.v6i(3-4).10887

Sleep Habits in Students with Intellectual Disability

Saideh Sadat Mortazavi

Abstract

Background and Objective: Sleep habits not only are affected by a person’s health but also affect his/her growth and development. Students with intellectual disability (ID) account for 3% of all students. Since sleep habits are among the basic foundations of learning during childhood, this study aimed to determine the parental view on the sleep habits of students with ID in Hamadan, Iran, during September 23 and December 21, 2019.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 86 students with ID, aged 7-11 years, were selected using the convenience sampling method in Hamadan, Iran, during September 23 and December 21, 2019. Data were collected using a demographic inventory, as well as the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). The pa-rental questionnaires were completed as self-reports by mothers or fathers of students with ID. Data were analyzed us-ing the independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and one-way regression in SPSS software.

Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of sleep habit score of students with ID was 73.66 ± 6.79. The cut-off score in the questionnaire was 41.15% and 85% of the students had moderate and severe sleep disturbance. The highest mean score was for distress in morning awakenings (12.67 ± 2.83), indicating the presence of sleep disturbance among students with ID. Variables of age, sex, and weight of the students, educational attainment and job of parents, household income, private bedroom, and sleeping status could predict 61% of the students’ sleep habits. There was a significant relationship between the father’s job and the sleep habits of the students (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings shed light on sleep disturbances in students with ID. Results suggest that sleep habits in students with ID are associated with their father's job. Sleep health should be considered in planning health promotion strategies of these children.

1. Liu Z, Tang H, Jin Q, et al. Sleep of preschoolers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) out-break. J Sleep Res 2021; 30: e13142.
2. Meltzer LJ, Mindell JA. Relationship between child sleep disturbances and maternal sleep, mood, and parenting stress: A pilot study. J Fam Psychol 2007; 21: 67-73.
3. Hill CM, Hogan AM, Karmiloff-Smith A. To sleep, perchance to enrich learning? Arch Dis Child 2007; 92: 637-43.
4. Stores G. Multifactorial influences, including comorbidities, contributing to sleep disturbance in children with a neurodevelopmental disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22: 875-9.
5. Ashworth A, Hill CM, Karmiloff-Smith A, et al. Cross syndrome comparison of sleep problems in children with Down syndrome and Williams syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2013; 34: 1572-80.
6. Martin G. 'Valuing people'--a new strategy for learning disability for the 21st century: How may it impinge on primary care? Br J Gen Pract 2001; 51: 788-90.
7. Ashori M, Jalil-Abkenr S. Students with special needs and inclusive education. Tehran, Iran: Roshd-e Farhang Publications; 2016. p. 103-29. [In Persian].
8. Tamin TZ, Idris FH, Mansyur M, et al. Prevalence and determinants of obesity in students with intellectual disability in Jakarta. Med J Indones 2014; 23: 106-11.
9. Saleh E, Attia K, Al-Jundi A. The effect of using computer program on developing verbal communication among mentally retarded children in the elementary stage in Rafha Province. Int J Engl Linguist 2017; 7: 171-81.
10. Maulik PK, Mascarenhas MN, Mathers CD, et al. Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies. Res Dev Disabil 2011; 32: 419-36.
11. Lee Y, Jeoung B. The relationship between the behavior problems and motor skills of students with intellectual disability. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12: 598-603.
12. Wu L, Qiu Z, Wong D, et al. The research on the status, rehabilitation, education, vocational development, social integration and support services related to intellectual disability in China. Res Dev Disabil 2010; 31: 1216-22.
13. Ashok K, Shweta J, Sushil O. Sleep disorder in children suffering from autism spectrum disorder in the hilly area of Uttarakhand. Asian J Clin Pediatr Neonatol 2020; 8: 1-5.
14. Krakowiak P, Goodlin-Jones B, Hertz-Picciotto I, et al. Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: A population-based study. J Sleep Res 2008; 17: 197-206.
15. Cortesi F, Giannotti F, Ivanenko A, et al. Sleep in children with autistic spectrum disorder. Sleep Med 2010; 11: 659-64.
16. Greydanus DE. Intellectual disability and sleep. Journal of Alternative Medicine Research 2016; 7: 287.
17. Wayte S, McCaughey E, Holley S, et al. Sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy and their relation-ship with maternal sleep and depression. Acta Paediatr 2012; 101: 618-23.
18. Diaz-Roman A, Zhang J, Delorme R, et al. Sleep in youth with autism spectrum disorders: systematic re-view and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Evid Based Ment Health 2018; 21: 146-54.
19. Halstead EJ, Joyce A, Sullivan E, et al. Sleep disturbances and patterns in children with neurodevelop-mental conditions. Front Pediatr 2021; 9: 637770.
20. Roley SS, DeLany JV, Barrows CJ, et al. Occupational therapy practice framework: domain & practice, 2nd edition. Am J Occup Ther 2008; 62: 625-83.
21. Yousef Gomrokchi M, Shafipoor Z, Paryad E, et al. A study of sleep habits of the students of primary schools of Rasht City from parents, point of view. Ho-list Nurs Midwifery 2010; 20: 40-5. [In Persian].
22. Shamsaei F, Ahmadinia H, Seif M, et al. Sleep hab-its of primary school students of Nahavand City from the point of view of parents. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2018; 12: 78-85. [In Persian].
23. Ozgoli G, Sheykhan Z, Soleimani F, et al. A study of effective factors on sleep disorders in 4-6 years old children in Tehran City, Iran. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2015; 9: 50-60. [In Persian].
24. Shoghy M, Khanjari S, Farmany F, et al. Sleep habits of school age children. Iran J Nurs 2005; 18: 131-8. [In Persian].
25. Chow CK, Wong SN, Ma LCK, et al. The risk factors associated with sleep-related problems in children with profound intellectual disability. HK J Paediatr (New Series) 2020; 25: 89-97.
26. Hoffmire CA, Magyar CI, Connolly HV, et al. High prevalence of sleep disorders and associated comorbidities in a community sample of children with Down syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2014; 10: 411-9.
27. Julu PO, Witt E, I, Hansen S, et al. Treating hypoxia in a feeble breather with Rett syndrome. Brain Dev 2013; 35: 270-3.
28. Richdale AL, Schreck KA. Sleep problems in au-tism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, nature, and possible biopsychosocial aetiologies. Sleep Med Rev 2009; 13: 403-11.
29. Iwadare Y, Kamei Y, Oiji A, et al. Study of the sleep patterns, sleep habits, and sleep problems in Japanese elementary school children using the CSHQ-J. Kitasato Med J 2013; 43: 31-7.
30. van Litsenburg RR, Waumans RC, van den Berg G, et al. Sleep habits and sleep disturbances in Dutch children: A population-based study. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169: 1009-15.
31. Quine L. Sleep problems in primary school children: Comparison between mainstream and special school children. Child Care Health Dev 2001; 27: 201-21.
32. Romeo DM, Brogna C, Belli A, et al. Sleep disorders in autism spectrum disorder pre-school children: an evaluation using the sleep disturbance scale for children. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57: 95.
33. Didden R, Korzilius H, van Aperlo B, et al. Sleep problems and daytime problem behaviours in children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2002; 46: 537-47.
34. Liu X, Hubbard JA, Fabes RA, et al. Sleep disturbances and correlates of children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2006; 37: 179-91.
35. Nevsimalova S, Bruni O. Sleep disorders in children. New York, NY: Springer; 2016.
36. Hawkins SS, Takeuchi DT. Social determinants of inadequate sleep in US children and adolescents. Public Health 2016; 138: 119-26.

Files	XML 220 (644KB)
Issue	Vol 6 No 3-4 (2021): Summer-Autumn
Section	Original Article(s)
DOI	https://doi.org/10.18502/jss.v6i(3-4).10887
Keywords
Sleep Insomnia Sleep habits Intellectual disability

Rights and permissions
	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Mortazavi Z, Haghgoo H allah, Gohari N, Bakhtiari K, Khazaei S, Mortazavi S. Sleep Habits in Students with Intellectual Disability. J Sleep Sci. 2022;6(3-4):79-84.

Vancouver

Download Citation