Comparison of Sleep Health, Psychological Hardiness, and Social Responsibility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Nursing Home Residents
,
Abstract
Background and Objective: With the rapid global growth of the elderly population, identifying factors associated with their psychological and social well-being has become increasingly important. This study aimed to compare sleep health, psychological hardiness, and social responsibility between community-dwelling older adults and nursing home residents.
Materials and Methods: This causal-comparative (ex post facto) study examined differences between two naturally existing groups of older adults. A total of 120 participants (50 nursing home residents and 70 community-dwelling older adults) were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Personal-Social Responsibility Questionnaire, the Sleep Health Scale (SHS) by Brandolim Becker et al., and the Kobasa Hardiness Scale. Data were ana-lyzed using SPSS software through descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean age of participants was 66 years. Sleep health scores were significantly higher among community-dwelling older adults (19.31 ± 3.65) than nursing home residents (15.72 ± 3.11) [t(118) = -5.65, P = 0.001]. Similarly, social responsibility was significantly higher in community-dwelling participants (36.33 ± 6.13) compared with nursing home residents (24.74 ± 5.14) [t(118) = -10.91, P = 0.001]. No significant difference was observed in psychological hardiness between groups (P = 0.41).
Conclusion: The living environment appears to be associated with the sleep health and social responsibility of older adults, whereas psychological hardiness remains relatively stable across living conditions. These findings provide valu-able insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals in designing programs to improve the quality of life (QOL) in the older population.
2. Falck RS, Davis JC, Best JR, et al. Buying time: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial to improve sleep quality and cognitive function among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Trials 2018; 19: 445.
3. Safavi S. Comparing quality of life, social support and depression among elderly living at home and nursing home residents. J Geriatr Nurs 2015; 1: 34-46. [In Persian].
4. Abdi Zarrin S, Farzadmanesh M, Mosaddad SA, et al. A Comparison of Social Support and General Health of Women and Men Elderly People Residing in Boarding House With Those Residing in Private House. Cult Psychol 2021; 4: 41-57. [In Persian].
5. Baranwal N, Yu PK, Siegel NS. Sleep physiology, pathophysiology, and sleep hygiene. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77: 59-69.
6. Dalir M. The role of obsessive beliefs including responsibility, perfectionism, and importance of thoughts in sleep quality. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi J 2020; 9: 1-8. [In Persian].
7. Baldassini Rodriguez S, Bardacci Y, El Aoufy K, et al. Sleep Quality and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Hardiness in a Cohort of Frontline Italian Nurses during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nurs Rep 2023; 13: 1203-15.
8. Delniya S, Peyman H, Jahangir K, et al. The Prediction of Sleep Quality Based on Psychological Hardiness and Happiness in the Elderly. J Aging Psychol 2020; 6: 27-38. [In Persian].
9. Wang C, Bangdiwala SI, Rangarajan S, et al. Association of estimated sleep duration and naps with mortality and cardiovascular events: a study of 116 632 people from 21 countries. Eur Heart J 2019; 40: 1620-9.
10. Bradley AJ, Anderson KN, Gallagher P, et al. The association between sleep and cognitive abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50: 125-32.
11. Daly LM. Resilience: An Integrated Review. Nurs Sci Q 2020; 33: 330-8.
12. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988. p. 567.
13. Ahmadi S, Mirfardi A, Zarei G. An Investigation of the Relationship between Responsibility And Attitude towards Saving Water. J Appl Sociol 2013; 24: 185-200. [In Persian].
14. Brandolim Becker N, Martins RIS, Jesus SN, et al. Sleep health assessment: A scale validation. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259: 51-5.
15. Pordelan N, Borna MR, Khalijian S, et al. Factor Analysis and Validation of Sleep Health Scale in Nursing Context. J Sleep Sci 2019; 4: 63-8.
16. Janda LH. The Psychologist's Book of Personality Tests: 24 Revealing Tests to Identify and Overcome Your Personal Barriers to a Better Life. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2001. p. 224.
17. Hasel KM, Besharat MA. Relationship of perfectionism and hardiness to stress-induced physiological responses. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2011; 30: 113-8.
18. Papi S, Karimi Z, Ghaed Amini Harooni G, et al. Determining the Prevalence of Sleep Disorder and Its Predictors Among Elderly Residents of Nursing Homes of Ahvaz City in 2017. Iran J Ageing 2019; 13: 576-87. [In Persian].
19. Beyrami M, Alizadeh Goradel J, Ansarhosein S, et al. Comparing Sleep Quality and General Health Among the Elderly Living at Home and at Nursing Home. Iran J Ageing 2014; 8: 47-55.
20. Hosseini Nesar M, Zanjani H, Seyyed Miirzaei SM, et al. Comparative analysis of the quality of life of the elderly living in home and nursing home of Gilan province and the factors affecting it. Journal of SocioCultural Changes 2020; 17: 43-61. [In Persian].
21. Bagi M, Abbasi Shavazi MJ. More responsibilities at the older ages: the study of trends and patterns of elderly living arrangements in Iran. Soc Dev Welf Plan 2021; 12: 135-66. [In Persian].
22. Bahamin G, Shakheh Nia F, Ahmadi D A, et al. Comparison of Psychological Well-being and Psychological Hardiness in Elderly Residents of Nursing Homes and Elderly Living at Home. The Second International Conference on Research in Psychology and Educational Sciences; Tehran, Iran2023. [In Persian].
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 3-4 (2023): Summer-Autumn | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Sleep health; Social responsibility; Psychological hardiness; Elderly population | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
