Sleep Disturbance and Anxiety among Nurses after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Background and Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an obvious impact on the mental health of healthcare workers, including nurses who have been at the forefront of managing patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the mental health of nurses who worked at Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman City, Iran, after the pandemic of COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: 400 nurses have been enrolled in a cross-section study. We used a questionnaire to collect demographic and occupational information and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to assess mental health.
Results: 84% of nurses had problems related to mental health, with anxiety being the most common symptom followed by sleep disorder and depression. Social problems were also prevalent among the nurses. There was no statistically sig-nificant difference in mental health between men and women or across different age groups, education levels, or work experience in the COVID-19 ward. However, there was a significant difference in the mental health of nurses with dif-ferent shift intervals and those working more than 15 shifts who had higher mental health scores. There was no statisti-cally significant difference in mental health of night shift nurses and day shift nurses.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for interventions to promote mental health among nurses who have worked in the wards related to COVID-19.
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23. Andrechuk CRS, Caliari JS, Santos MAD, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep disorders among nursing professionals. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31: e3795.
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26. Sadeghi Yarandi M, Gholami A, Ghasemi M, et al. Investigating the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak in the occupational society. J Mil Med 2022; 22: 562-9. [In Persian].
hospital in Milan, Italy: Facing the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. Crit Care Resusc 2020; 22: 91-4.
2. Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: What next? Lancet 2020; 395: 1225-8.
3. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, et al. Severe acute resp iratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55: 105924.
4. World Health Organization. The impact of COVID- 19 on mental health cannot be made light of [Online]. [cited 2022 June 16]; Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/featurestories/ detail/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-mentalhealth- cannot-be-made-lightof#:~: text=A%20great%20number%20of%20people ,affected%20much%20more%20than%20others. 20214.
5. Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, et al. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet 2020; 395: e37-e38.
6. Ryu S, Chun BC. An interim review of the epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus. Epidemiol Health 2020; 42: e2020006.
7. Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, et al. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7: e15-e16.
8. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3: e203976.
9. Zolghadr R, Rahimpoor R. Evaluation of general health and mental health status of nurses in Larestan County, 2020. Journal of Health and Care 2021; 23: 145-55. [In Persian].
10. Borzoi T, Tafazoli M, Maghsoudi F, et al. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Abadan Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Epidemic. Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022; 9: 28-37.
11. Khaki S, Fallahi-Khoshkenab M, Arsalani n, et al. Mental health status of nurses during the COVID- 19 pandemic: A systematic review. Iranian Journal of Systematic Review in Medical Sciences 2023; 1: 36-52. [In Persian].
12. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). WHO Declares End to COVID-19 as Global Health Emergency [Online]. [cited 2023 May 10]; Available from: URL: https://sdg.iisd.org/news/who-declares-end-tocovid-
19-as-global-health-emergency/
13. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med 1979; 9: 139-45.
14. Rashidi MA, Pournajaf A, Kazemy M, et al. Evaluating General health status using Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire among the staff of Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2015. J Ilam Univ Med Sci 2018; 26: 16-26. [In Persian].
15. Zare N, Parvareh M, Noori B, et al. Mental health status of Iranian university students using the GHQ-28: A meta-analysis. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci 2016; 21: 1-16. [In Persian].
16. Cao J, Wei J, Zhu H, et al. A study of basic needs and psychological wellbeing of medical workers in the fever clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychother Psychosom 2020; 89: 252-4.
17. Liu CY, Yang YZ, Zhang XM, et al. The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: A crosssectional survey. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148: e98.
18. Hassannia L, Taghizadeh F, Moosazadeh M, et al. Anxiety and depression in health workers and general
population during COVID-19 in Iran: A crosssectional study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41: 40-9.
19. Pourkiani M, Mortazavi H, Mokhtari F. A study of the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health with job burnout among the nurses in Krman hospitals. Instruction and Evaluation 2013; 5: 111-25. [In Persian].
20. Solaimanizadeh L, Solaimanizadeh F, Javadi M, et al. Association between mental health and educational stressful factors among students of Razi Nursing and Midwifery School in Kerman. Iran J Med Educ 2011; 11: 200-9. [In Persian].
21. Davarinia Motlagh Quchan A, Tajabadi A, Borzoei F, et al. Comparison of mental health of nurses working in COVID-19 reference hospitals with other hospitals. J Mil Med 2022; 22: 1145-52. [In Persian].
22. Alizadeh Fard S, Saffarinia M. The prediction of mental health based on the anxiety and the social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus. Social Psychology Research 2020; 9: 129-41. [In Persian].
23. Andrechuk CRS, Caliari JS, Santos MAD, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep disorders among nursing professionals. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31: e3795.
24. Li L, Wan C, Ding R, et al. Mental distress among Liberian medical staff working at the China Ebola Treatment Unit: A cross sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2015; 13: 156.
25. Chrzan-Rodak A, Slusarska B, Nowicki G, et al. Relationship between social competences and the sense of general mental health and intensity of stress among nurses. Pomeranian J Life Sci 2020; 66: 53-6.
26. Sadeghi Yarandi M, Gholami A, Ghasemi M, et al. Investigating the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak in the occupational society. J Mil Med 2022; 22: 562-9. [In Persian].
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 1-2 (2023): Winter- Spring | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jss.v8i1-2.17869 | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19; Mental health; Nurses; Shift work schedule; Anxiety; Sleep disorders; Depression | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Shamspour M, Darijani AM, Jahanbakhsh F, Karimi Googhari E. Sleep Disturbance and Anxiety among Nurses after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Sleep Sci. 2025;8(1-2):8-13.
