Original Article

Insomnia Phenotype Characterization and Depression among Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract

Background and Objective: Over 40% of individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have reported experiencing insomnia. The combination of OSA and insomnia results in decreased sleep quality and adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. This study aimed to assess insomnia among patients with OSA.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1771 participants. Patients with a high suspicion of OSA completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaires. All participants underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG).

Results: In this study, 1242 (68%) of the 1771 participants were men, with a mean age of 47.18 ± 13.65 years. The average Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) was 41.53 ± 31.98, the mean ISI score was 12.11 ± 5.99, and the aver-age BDI score was 12.88 ± 11.22. A total of 639 (36%) participants reported moderate to severe insomnia (ISI score ≥ 15). Those with a normal RDI had mean ISI scores of 13.71 ± 6.32, while patients with mild, moderate, and severe OSA had mean ISI scores of 12.76 ± 5.96, 11.61 ± 5.92, and 11.91 ± 5.95, respectively (P = 0.001). The correlation between RDI and ISI score was 0.006 (P = 0.8). As the severity of insomnia increased, the BDI score also signifi-cantly increased (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion: A notable correlation exists between insomnia and depression; individuals with more severe insomnia re-ported higher depressive symptoms. Given the link between insomnia and OSA, it is advisable to assess insomnia in patients diagnosed with OSA.

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IssueVol 8 No 1-2 (2023): Winter- Spring QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/jss.v8i1-2.17871
Keywords
Obstructive sleep apnea; Insomnia; Depression; Sleep; Polysomnography
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How to Cite
1.
Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Najafi A, Rahimi-Golkhandan A, Forouzan N, Akbarpour S, Mohammadzadeh M. Insomnia Phenotype Characterization and Depression among Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Sleep Sci. 2025;8(1-2):20-24.