Effect of Self-Care Education on Sleep Quality and Psychological Disorders in Post-Discharged Patients with COVID-19
-
Gordafarid Moradian
,
Neda Doozandeh Tabarestani
,
Shirin Esmaeili Dolabi
,
Fatemeh Monjazabi
,
Mahsa Farahanipour
,
Negin Mojarad
Abstract
Background and Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the physiologic and psychological systems of humans and can lead to different degrees of depression, stress, anxiety, and insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-care education on sleep quality and psychological disorders in patients with COVID-19 following discharge.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 50 patients with COVID-19, who were educated via telephone. The average time for each interview and education was 20-40 minutes. The education included effective ways to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression as well as sleep hygiene. Data collection tools included three sections: demographic information, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). These questionnaires were completed by three nurses once 2-3 days after discharge and again one month later by tele-phone. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: 69% of patients were men with a mean age of 59 years old. Significant difference was observed in each of the subscales of depression, anxiety, and stress, and their total mean (P < 0.0500), in addition, a significant difference was observed in sleep quality of patients with COVID-19 (P < 0.0500) between 2-3 days after discharge and 1 month later after education.
Conclusion: People with COVID-19 had less sleep quality and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The self-care education regarding sleep hygiene and ways to deal with stress to improve these factors had a significant impact and led to a significant level.
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18. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther 1995; 33: 335-43.
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30. Fatemeyan Rad F, Mostanbt N, Zoladl M. The effect of training on coping with stress, anxiety and de-pression among patients with special diseases. Arma-ghane-Danesh 2014; 18: 777-86. [In Persian].
31. Aminian Z, Mohammadzadeh S, Eslami Vaghar M, et al. Effectiveness of teaching ways to deal with stress on quality of life in patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Med Sci J Islamic Azad Univ Tehran Med Branch 2014; 24: 168-74. [In Persian].
32. Trzcieniecka-Green A, Steptoe A. The effects of stress management on the quality of life of patients following acute myocardial infarction or coronary by-pass surgery. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 1663-70.
33. Wong SY. Effect of mindfulness-based stress re-duction programme on pain and quality of life in chronic pain patients: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15(Suppl 6): 13-4.
34. Blumenthal JA, Sherwood A, Babyak MA, et al. Effects of exercise and stress management training on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 1626-34.
35. Kim YG, Moon H, Kim SY, et al. Inevitable isolation and the change of stress markers in hemodialysis patients during the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 5676.
36. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: 1729.
37. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7: e14.
38. Torales J, O'Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, et al. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66: 317-20.
2. Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, et al. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med 2020; 27.
3. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation report, 72. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2020.
4. Guan WJ, Ni Zy, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1708-20.
5. Yang Y, Lu QB, Liu MJ, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019 novel coronavirus out-break in China. medRxiv 2020; 2020.
6. Sood S. Psychological effects of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Res Humanit Med Educ 2020; 7: 23-6.
7. Lin LY, Wang J, Ou-Yang XY, et al. The immediate impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on subjective sleep status. Sleep Med 2021; 77: 348-54.
8. Belleville G, Ouellet MC, Morin CM. Post-traumatic stress among evacuees from the 2016 fort mcmurray wildfires: Exploration of psychological and sleep symptoms three months after the evacuation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16.
9. Lavie P. Sleep disturbances in the wake of traumatic events. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1825-32.
10. Morin CM, Carrier J. The acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on insomnia and psychological symptoms. Sleep Med 2021; 77: 346-7.
11. Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB. Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback. J Biol Rhythms 2006; 21: 482-93.
12. Potter GD, Skene DJ, Arendt J, et al. Circadian rhythm and sleep disruption: causes, metabolic consequences, and countermeasures. Endocr Rev 2016; 37: 584-608.
13. Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases. Radiology 2020; 296: E32-E40.
14. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, III, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989; 28: 193-213.
15. Mollayeva T, Thurairajah P, Burton K, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 25: 52-73.
16. Grandner MA, Kripke DF, Yoon IY, et al. Criterion validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: Investigation in a non-clinical sample. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2006; 4: 129-39.
17. Ahmadi S, Khankeh H, Mohammadi F, et al. The effect of sleep restriction treatment on quality of sleep in the elders. Salmand Iran J Ageing 2010; 5: 7-15. [In Persian].
18. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther 1995; 33: 335-43.
19. Antony MM, Barlow DH. Handbook of assessment and treatment planning for psychological disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Publications; 2011.
20. Ersek M, Turner JA, Kemp CA. Use of the chronic pain coping inventory to assess older adults' pain coping strategies. J Pain 2006; 7: 833-42.
21. Riedel B. Sleep hygiene. In: Lichstein KL, Morin CM, editors. Treatment of late-life insomnia. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2000.
22. Kragholm K, Andersen MP, Gerds TA, et al. Association between male sex and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)-a Danish nationwide, register-based study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73: e4025-e4030.
23. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395: 507-13.
24. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel corona-virus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020; 323: 1061-9.
25. Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA 2020; 323: 1574-81.
26. Simonnet A, Chetboun M, Poissy J, et al. High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28: 1195-9.
27. Kassir R. Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21: e13034.
28. Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, et al. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy. J Sleep Res 2020; 29: e13052.
29. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395: 912-20.
30. Fatemeyan Rad F, Mostanbt N, Zoladl M. The effect of training on coping with stress, anxiety and de-pression among patients with special diseases. Arma-ghane-Danesh 2014; 18: 777-86. [In Persian].
31. Aminian Z, Mohammadzadeh S, Eslami Vaghar M, et al. Effectiveness of teaching ways to deal with stress on quality of life in patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Med Sci J Islamic Azad Univ Tehran Med Branch 2014; 24: 168-74. [In Persian].
32. Trzcieniecka-Green A, Steptoe A. The effects of stress management on the quality of life of patients following acute myocardial infarction or coronary by-pass surgery. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 1663-70.
33. Wong SY. Effect of mindfulness-based stress re-duction programme on pain and quality of life in chronic pain patients: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15(Suppl 6): 13-4.
34. Blumenthal JA, Sherwood A, Babyak MA, et al. Effects of exercise and stress management training on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 1626-34.
35. Kim YG, Moon H, Kim SY, et al. Inevitable isolation and the change of stress markers in hemodialysis patients during the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 5676.
36. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: 1729.
37. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7: e14.
38. Torales J, O'Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, et al. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66: 317-20.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6 No 1-2 (2021): Winter-Spring | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jss.v6i(1-2).9289 | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19 Self-care Education Sleep quality Anxiety Depression | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Moradian G, Doozandeh Tabarestani N, Esmaeili Dolabi S, Monjazabi F, Farahanipour M, Mojarad N. Effect of Self-Care Education on Sleep Quality and Psychological Disorders in Post-Discharged Patients with COVID-19. J Sleep Sci. 2022;6(1-2):11-18.
