Comparison of Sleep Quality Indices in Patients with Opium and Methamphetamine Addiction
-
Mohammad Fadaei
,
Amir Bavafa
,
Mahsa Bameshghi
,
Ahmad Zarghani
,
Behnaz Shid Anbarani
,
Fateme Shekarian
,
Nasrin Jaberghaderi
Abstract
Background and Objective: Sleep and sleep-related indices can be altered in substance users especially methamphet-amine and opioid users. Studies have shown that sleep in substance users does not change uniformly. The aim of this study was to compare sleep and related indices in patients with opium and methamphetamine addiction.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 143 opium and methamphetamine addicts who referred to four ad-diction treatment clinics in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2018-2019, were evaluated by four sleep questionnaires including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Berlin Questionnaire (BQ).
Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in the number of female participants, age of partici-pants, education level, and years of substance use (P < 0.05). Patients with opium addiction, compared to methamphet-amine users, had a poorer sleep quality, symptoms of insomnia, and sleepiness in everyday situations.
Conclusion: The type of substance can affect the type of sleep problems experienced by individuals. Interventions in the fu-ture should be tailored to personalized problems of sleep, depending on the type of substance (opium or methamphetamine).
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2. Ohayon MM, Reynolds CF 3rd. Epidemiological and clinical relevance of insomnia diagnosis algorithms according to the DSM-IV and the International Classi-fication of Sleep Disorders (ICSD). Sleep Med 2009; 10: 952-60.
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5. Porkka-Heiskanen T, Zitting KM, Wigren HK. Sleep, its regulation and possible mechanisms of sleep disturbances. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208: 311-28.
6. Kim BH, Lee HE. The association between work-ing hours and sleep disturbances according to occupa-tion and gender. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32: 1109-14.
7. Drew M, Vlahovich N, Hughes D, et al. Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52: 47-53.
8. Baglioni C, Nanovska S, Regen W, et al. Sleep and mental disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnograph-ic research. Psychol Bull 2016; 142: 969-90.
9. Clark I, Landolt HP. Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and ran-domized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 31: 70-8.
10. Dugas EN, Sylvestre MP, O'Loughlin EK, et al. Nicotine dependence and sleep quality in young adults. Addict Behav 2017; 65: 154-60.
11. Thakkar MM, Sharma R, Sahota P. Alcohol dis-rupts sleep homeostasis. Alcohol 2015; 49: 299-310.
12. deShazo RD, Johnson M, Eriator I, et al. Backsto-ries on the US opioid epidemic. Good intentions gone bad, an industry gone rogue, and watch dogs gone to sleep. Am J Med 2018; 131: 595-601.
13. Crouse JJ, Lee RSC, White D, et al. Distress and sleep quality in young amphetamine-type stimulant users with an affective or psychotic illness. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262: 254-61.
14. Herrmann ES, Johnson PS, Bruner NR, et al. Morn-ing administration of oral methamphetamine dose-dependently disrupts nighttime sleep in recreational stimulant users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178: 291-5.
15. Alam MZ. Crystal in Iran: Methamphetamine or heroin kerack. Daru 2013; 21: 22.
16. Ziaaddini H, Ziaaddini M. The household survey of drug abuse in Kerman, Iran. J Applied Sci 2005; 5: 380-2.
17. Ahmadi J, Pridmore S, Alimi A, et al. Epidemiolo-gy of opium use in the general population. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2007; 33: 483-91.
18. Karrari P, Mehrpour O, Balali-Mood M. Iranian Crystal: A misunderstanding of the crystal-meth. J Res Med Sci 2012; 17: 203-4.
19. Mehrpour O, Sezavar SV. Diagnostic imaging in body packers. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87: e53-e54.
20. Karrari P, Mehrpour O, Afshari R, et al. Pattern of illicit drug use in patients referred to addiction treat-ment centres in Birjand, Eastern Iran. J Pak Med Assoc 2013; 63: 711-6.
21. Lashkaripour K, Yusefi M, Ghasemi S, et al. The comparison of demographic characteristics and variety of substances in methadone maintenance clinic of Ba-haran Psychiatry Hospital in 2009-2010. Proceedings of the 5th Addiction Congress. 2012 Feb 28-30; Zahedan, Iran. [In Persian].
22. Wong MM, Robertson GC, Dyson RB. Prospective relationship between poor sleep and substance-related problems in a national sample of adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39: 355-62.
23. Garcia AN, Salloum IM. Polysomnographic sleep disturbances in nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, cocaine, opioid, and cannabis use: A focused review. Am J Ad-dict 2015; 24: 590-8.
24. Madanifard M, Mazaheri M, Bigdeli I. Compara-tive investigation of sleep problems in opioid-dependent and normal subjects. J Sleep Sci 2019; 3: 25-9.
25. Khazaie H, Jalali A, Jozani Y, et al. Comparative study on sleep quality and disorders in opiate and methamphetamine users. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl 2016; 18: 21-8.
26. Farrahi MJ, Nakhaee N, Sheibani V, et al. Reliabil-ity and validity of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P). Sleep Breath 2012; 16: 79-82.
27. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, III, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for
psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989; 28: 193-213.
28. Rosenfield M. Computer vision syndrome: a review of ocular causes and potential treatments. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011; 31: 502-15.
29. Sadeghniiat HK, Montazeri A, Khajeh MA, et al. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: Translation and valida-tion study of the Iranian version. Sleep Breath 2013; 17: 419-26.
30. Bastien CH, Vallieres A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med 2001; 2: 297-307.
31. Morin CM, Belleville G, Belanger L, et al. The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep 2011; 34: 601-8.
32. Yazdi Z, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Zohal MA, et al. Validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the In-somnia Severity Index. Malays J Med Sci 2012; 19: 31-6.
33. Netzer NC, Stoohs RA, Netzer CM, et al. Using the Berlin Questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 485-91.
34. Amra B, Farajzadegan Z, Golshan M, et al. Preva-lence of sleep apnea-related symptoms in a Persian population. Sleep Breath 2011; 15: 425-9.
35. Amra B, Nouranian E, Golshan M, et al. Validation of the Persian version of Berlin Sleep Questionnaire for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4: 334-9.
36. Khodabandeh F. Gender difference in the character-istics among unintentional methamphetamine overdose patients referring to poison center-an epidemiologic survey. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2013; 3: 80-7.
37. Merline AC, O'Malley PM, Schulenberg JE, et al. Substance use among adults 35 years of age: Preva-lence, adulthood predictors, and impact of adolescent substance use. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 96-102.
38. Viohl L, Ernst F, Gabrysch J, et al. 'Higher educa-tion' - substance use among Berlin college students. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50: 2526-37.
39. Mukherjee A, Dye BA, Clague J, et al. Metham-phetamine use and oral health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res 2018; 27: 3179-90.
40. Noori R, Farhoudian A, Naranjiha H, et al. Com-parison of characteristics of methamphetamine versus opiate users in Tehran, Iran. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2016; 5: e28815.
41. Albonaim A, Fazel H, Sharafshah A, et al. Associa-tion of OPRK1 gene polymorphisms with opioid de-pendence in addicted men undergoing methadone treatment in an Iranian population. J Addict Dis 2017; 36: 227-35.
42. Khazaie H, Najafi F, Ghadami MR, et al. Sleep disorders in methadone maintenance treatment volun-teers and opium-dependent patients. Addict Health 2016; 8: 84-9.
43. Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Sedler MJ, et al. The effect of age in the association between frailty and poor sleep quality: A population-based study in community-dwellers (The Atahualpa Project). J Am Med Dir As-soc 2016; 17: 269-71.
44. Filiatrault ML, Chauny JM, Daoust R, et al. Medi-um increased risk for central sleep apnea but not ob-structive sleep apnea in long-term opioid users: A sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12: 617-25.
45. Soler X, Liao SY, Marin JM, et al. Age, gender, neck circumference, and Epworth sleepiness scale do not predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): The challenge to predict OSA in advanced COPD. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0177289.
46. Sayyah M, Shirbandi K, Javanmardi F, et al. A sys-tematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of methamphetamine abuse in Iranian high school stu-dents. J Med Life 2018; 11: 262-8.
2. Ohayon MM, Reynolds CF 3rd. Epidemiological and clinical relevance of insomnia diagnosis algorithms according to the DSM-IV and the International Classi-fication of Sleep Disorders (ICSD). Sleep Med 2009; 10: 952-60.
3. Chan-Chee C, Bayon V, Bloch J, et al. Epidemiol-ogy of insomnia in France. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2011; 59: 409-22. [In French].
4. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral scienc-es/clinical psychiatry. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lip-pincott Williams and Wilkins; 2014. p. 43-447.
5. Porkka-Heiskanen T, Zitting KM, Wigren HK. Sleep, its regulation and possible mechanisms of sleep disturbances. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208: 311-28.
6. Kim BH, Lee HE. The association between work-ing hours and sleep disturbances according to occupa-tion and gender. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32: 1109-14.
7. Drew M, Vlahovich N, Hughes D, et al. Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52: 47-53.
8. Baglioni C, Nanovska S, Regen W, et al. Sleep and mental disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnograph-ic research. Psychol Bull 2016; 142: 969-90.
9. Clark I, Landolt HP. Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and ran-domized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 31: 70-8.
10. Dugas EN, Sylvestre MP, O'Loughlin EK, et al. Nicotine dependence and sleep quality in young adults. Addict Behav 2017; 65: 154-60.
11. Thakkar MM, Sharma R, Sahota P. Alcohol dis-rupts sleep homeostasis. Alcohol 2015; 49: 299-310.
12. deShazo RD, Johnson M, Eriator I, et al. Backsto-ries on the US opioid epidemic. Good intentions gone bad, an industry gone rogue, and watch dogs gone to sleep. Am J Med 2018; 131: 595-601.
13. Crouse JJ, Lee RSC, White D, et al. Distress and sleep quality in young amphetamine-type stimulant users with an affective or psychotic illness. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262: 254-61.
14. Herrmann ES, Johnson PS, Bruner NR, et al. Morn-ing administration of oral methamphetamine dose-dependently disrupts nighttime sleep in recreational stimulant users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178: 291-5.
15. Alam MZ. Crystal in Iran: Methamphetamine or heroin kerack. Daru 2013; 21: 22.
16. Ziaaddini H, Ziaaddini M. The household survey of drug abuse in Kerman, Iran. J Applied Sci 2005; 5: 380-2.
17. Ahmadi J, Pridmore S, Alimi A, et al. Epidemiolo-gy of opium use in the general population. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2007; 33: 483-91.
18. Karrari P, Mehrpour O, Balali-Mood M. Iranian Crystal: A misunderstanding of the crystal-meth. J Res Med Sci 2012; 17: 203-4.
19. Mehrpour O, Sezavar SV. Diagnostic imaging in body packers. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87: e53-e54.
20. Karrari P, Mehrpour O, Afshari R, et al. Pattern of illicit drug use in patients referred to addiction treat-ment centres in Birjand, Eastern Iran. J Pak Med Assoc 2013; 63: 711-6.
21. Lashkaripour K, Yusefi M, Ghasemi S, et al. The comparison of demographic characteristics and variety of substances in methadone maintenance clinic of Ba-haran Psychiatry Hospital in 2009-2010. Proceedings of the 5th Addiction Congress. 2012 Feb 28-30; Zahedan, Iran. [In Persian].
22. Wong MM, Robertson GC, Dyson RB. Prospective relationship between poor sleep and substance-related problems in a national sample of adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39: 355-62.
23. Garcia AN, Salloum IM. Polysomnographic sleep disturbances in nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, cocaine, opioid, and cannabis use: A focused review. Am J Ad-dict 2015; 24: 590-8.
24. Madanifard M, Mazaheri M, Bigdeli I. Compara-tive investigation of sleep problems in opioid-dependent and normal subjects. J Sleep Sci 2019; 3: 25-9.
25. Khazaie H, Jalali A, Jozani Y, et al. Comparative study on sleep quality and disorders in opiate and methamphetamine users. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl 2016; 18: 21-8.
26. Farrahi MJ, Nakhaee N, Sheibani V, et al. Reliabil-ity and validity of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P). Sleep Breath 2012; 16: 79-82.
27. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, III, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for
psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989; 28: 193-213.
28. Rosenfield M. Computer vision syndrome: a review of ocular causes and potential treatments. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011; 31: 502-15.
29. Sadeghniiat HK, Montazeri A, Khajeh MA, et al. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: Translation and valida-tion study of the Iranian version. Sleep Breath 2013; 17: 419-26.
30. Bastien CH, Vallieres A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med 2001; 2: 297-307.
31. Morin CM, Belleville G, Belanger L, et al. The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep 2011; 34: 601-8.
32. Yazdi Z, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Zohal MA, et al. Validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the In-somnia Severity Index. Malays J Med Sci 2012; 19: 31-6.
33. Netzer NC, Stoohs RA, Netzer CM, et al. Using the Berlin Questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 485-91.
34. Amra B, Farajzadegan Z, Golshan M, et al. Preva-lence of sleep apnea-related symptoms in a Persian population. Sleep Breath 2011; 15: 425-9.
35. Amra B, Nouranian E, Golshan M, et al. Validation of the Persian version of Berlin Sleep Questionnaire for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4: 334-9.
36. Khodabandeh F. Gender difference in the character-istics among unintentional methamphetamine overdose patients referring to poison center-an epidemiologic survey. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2013; 3: 80-7.
37. Merline AC, O'Malley PM, Schulenberg JE, et al. Substance use among adults 35 years of age: Preva-lence, adulthood predictors, and impact of adolescent substance use. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 96-102.
38. Viohl L, Ernst F, Gabrysch J, et al. 'Higher educa-tion' - substance use among Berlin college students. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50: 2526-37.
39. Mukherjee A, Dye BA, Clague J, et al. Metham-phetamine use and oral health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res 2018; 27: 3179-90.
40. Noori R, Farhoudian A, Naranjiha H, et al. Com-parison of characteristics of methamphetamine versus opiate users in Tehran, Iran. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2016; 5: e28815.
41. Albonaim A, Fazel H, Sharafshah A, et al. Associa-tion of OPRK1 gene polymorphisms with opioid de-pendence in addicted men undergoing methadone treatment in an Iranian population. J Addict Dis 2017; 36: 227-35.
42. Khazaie H, Najafi F, Ghadami MR, et al. Sleep disorders in methadone maintenance treatment volun-teers and opium-dependent patients. Addict Health 2016; 8: 84-9.
43. Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Sedler MJ, et al. The effect of age in the association between frailty and poor sleep quality: A population-based study in community-dwellers (The Atahualpa Project). J Am Med Dir As-soc 2016; 17: 269-71.
44. Filiatrault ML, Chauny JM, Daoust R, et al. Medi-um increased risk for central sleep apnea but not ob-structive sleep apnea in long-term opioid users: A sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12: 617-25.
45. Soler X, Liao SY, Marin JM, et al. Age, gender, neck circumference, and Epworth sleepiness scale do not predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): The challenge to predict OSA in advanced COPD. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0177289.
46. Sayyah M, Shirbandi K, Javanmardi F, et al. A sys-tematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of methamphetamine abuse in Iranian high school stu-dents. J Med Life 2018; 11: 262-8.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 4 No 1-2 (2019): Winter-Spring | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Methamphetamine; Opium; Sleep | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Fadaei M, Bavafa A, Bameshghi M, Zarghani A, Shid Anbarani B, Shekarian F, Jaberghaderi N. Comparison of Sleep Quality Indices in Patients with Opium and Methamphetamine Addiction. J Sleep Sci. 2019;4(1-2):17-23.
