Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 124 131 Mahdi Gambo Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Ahmed Ibrahim Salisu Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Yusuf Tanko Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Mohammed Aliyu Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2020 09 07 2020 11 23 Background and Objective: While insufficient sleep remains an under-recognized public health issue across the globe, there is paucity and heterogeneity of data regarding its cardiometabolic and haemoinflammatory implications. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the impact of chronic sleep restriction on cardiometabolic and haemoinflammatory parame-ters in rats. Materials and Methods: 16 male Wistar rats (aged 8-10 weeks) were randomly assigned into equal control or sleep restriction groups. Gentle handling was used to induce sleep restriction for six weeks. Fasting weight and blood sugar were obtained and lipids were analyzed using their respective Randox kits. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were assayed. Full blood count and CD4+ T cell count were deter-mined using automated analyzer. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, with level of significance set at P ≤ 0.05, via SPSS software. Results: Chronic sleep restriction caused significant initial weight loss, increase in feed consumption, and percentage in-crease in fasting blood sugar (FBS) (32% vs. 15%). We also noted the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index of sleep-restricted rats to be significantly higher (6.22) than that of controls (5.62). In addition, a significant reduction in monocyte count, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and absolute CD4+ cell count among the sleep-restricted rats was observed. Conclusion: Our findings have provided objective evidence that, over the course of 6 weeks, 5 hours of sleep re-striction had caused body weight gain, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and impairment in immunoinflammatory status; hence, it could be a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic syndrome and immune-related disorders. https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/174

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 163 166 Ayeh Shamsadini Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Somaye Bagheri-Kelayeh Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 07 18 2021 08 23 Background and Objective: Co-occurring central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are a developing apprehension because many patients referred to sleep studies have co-morbidities such as cardiovascular and/or neurological disorders which increase the possibility of central and obstructive episodes. Here, we report a patient without excessive daytime sleepiness and a combination of CSA and OSA. Case Report: We present a 16-year-old boy with a history of snoring, poor quality of sleep, nightmare, sleep walking, and sleep talking since he was two-years old. His STOP-Bang score was 7. Standard attended polysomnography (PSG) with audio-video monitoring was performed. The PSG results contained Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI): 30.2 (number of OSAs was 50 and number of CSAs was 49 during sleep). Then, a titration study was performed and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) setting as low as eight cmH2O was effective in eliminating obstructive events, but there was emerging CSAs in favour of Treatment Emergent CSA (TCSA). Conclusion: This case represents a non-sleepy phenotype of OSA in combination with many CSAs in PSG. We suggest that further studies be performed on the association between the concomitant presence of CSA and OSA among nonsleepy patients with OSA. https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/206

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 167 168 EN Alireza Imani * Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran 2021 01 06 2021 05 09 No Abstract https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/188

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 132 139 Mahnaz Sarallahi MSc in Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Education, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Roya Ahmadi MSc Student in Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Samaneh Soltanabadi MSc in Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Roya Farnoodimehr Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran Aliakbar Foroughi Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2021 01 20 2021 06 16 Background and Objective: The results of different studies have indicated the comorbidity between emotional disor-ders and sleep problems. However, no study has compared the outcome of mindfulness and unified protocol on the emotional problems and the sleep quality of the adolescents with emotional disorders. Materials and Methods: The current investigation was a quasi-experimental study with a control group, which was conducted in 2019. The participants included adolescents with emotional disorders in control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 16) groups. Both groups received 14 sessions of therapy. The assessments were performed in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The measurements included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). Results: The mean age of the participants in the experimental and control groups was 13.06 and 13.05 years, respec-tively. Given the results, both treatments alleviated the sleep and emotional problems of the adolescents diagnosed with emotional disorders. However, the combined treatment of mindfulness and the unified protocol led to more improve-ments. The calculated effect size of this treatment was 0.21 for sleep quality and 0.24 for the SCARED questionnaire. Conclusion: Based on the findings, utilizing mindfulness as a supplementary therapeutic method can enhance the chances of reductions in the emotional problems and the improvements of sleep quality in the adolescents with emo-tional disorders. https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/189

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 169 170 Zahra banafsheh Alemohammad Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Khosro Sadeghniiat Haghighi Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arezu Najafi Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed Amirifard Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 11 24 No Abstract   https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/181

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 140 145 EN Zohreh Yazdi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Mahdi Soltanabadi Medical Student, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Mohsen Moradi Medical Student, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Ziba Loukzadeh Industrial Diseases Research Center, Center of Excellence for Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2020 06 10 2021 05 19 Background and Objective: Reports have shown a link between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and sleep disorders. We investigated the frequency of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep in three groups of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders (patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients with psychiatric disorders referred to psychiatry clinic affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Fifty patients were selected in each group (anx-iety, depression, and bipolar disorder). Two questionnaires of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were completed for all patients. Data were analyzed with Student’s t, chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation tests. Results: A significant difference was observed between the three groups in the latency to fall asleep at night (P = 0.002) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≤ 5 (P = 0.002). Patients with anxiety and bipolar disorder more than other groups believed that insomnia caused loss of life joy (P = 0.010) and the only solution for sleeplessness was medication (P = 0.003), respectively. There was a significant relationship between sleep quality and anxiety (P = 0.030), total sleep time (P = 0.040), sleep latency (P = 0.020), and ISI (P < 0.010) with depression, awakening time during night, and bipo-lar disorder (P = 0.030). Conclusion: Patients with psychiatric disorders have high frequency of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep. Regarding the relationship between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and insomnia, future work is needed for better treatment. https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/167

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 146 154 Funmilola Olutola Department of Psychology, School of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Grace Adejuwon Department of Psychology, School of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 2020 12 21 Background and Objective: Pregnancy and childbirth are periods of great joy and delicate, interesting, and exciting aspects of women’s life. The study investigates whether sleep quality components will predict health-related quality of life (HRQOL) domains among primigravidas. Materials and Methods: The study employed descriptive research design. 768 primigravidas, attending antenatal care in nine purposively-selected government hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information of primigravidas, World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with reliability coefficient of 0.89 and 0.85, respectively, were used to collect data. Six hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis (MRA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Sleep quality components had a statistical, joint influence on HRQOL domains (physical health domain, F = 4.526, P < 0.01; psychological domain, F = 2.931, P < 0.05; and environment domain, F = 2.788, P < 0.05) of primigravidas in Ibadan. In addition, domains of HRQOL were significantly influenced by primigravidas’ marital status (F = 3.591, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Effective management of sleep quality components during pregnancy can improve HRQOL domains of primigravidas. Researchers recommended that antenatal care lectures for primigravidas should be reinforced with emphasis on the sleep quality and its influence on their HRQOL domains for better wellness of the primigravidas. https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/183

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 5 4 2021 11 14 155 162 Zahra Tavallaee-Nejad Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Saeedeh Zenoozian Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Mazaher Rezaei Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2020 12 31 2021 05 22 Background and Objective: Insomnia is a universal phenomenon that many people experience and is characterized by difficulty in sleep initiation, maintaining sleep, waking up early in the morning, and inability to return to sleep. Due to its high prevalence and the effect of insomnia on the mental and physical performance of individuals, especially stu-dents, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between transdiagnostic structures and insomnia disorder in students. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Population of this study was 400 medical students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran, who were selected by non-random sampling method. Research tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), 12-question Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Third Edition (ASI-3), and Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ). Research data were analyzed using LISREL software. Results: The average age of students was 21.54 years. Transdiagnostic constructs explained a total of 9% of insomnia disorders in students. Insomnia disorders in women were significantly higher than in men; moreover, in the single group was higher than in the married group. Conclusion: Transdiagnostic constructs can predict insomnia in students. https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/187