Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 2 3-4 2018 08 04 81 85 EN Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Hossein Fallahzadeh Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology AND Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of NonCommunicable Disease, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Farnaz Etesam Department of Psychiatry, Baharloo Hospital AND Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 12 22 2018 03 12 Background and Objective: Sleep problems are common in school-aged children. However, despite the high prevalence, they often are overlooked. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sleep problems in elementary school students in Kashan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 elementary school students (7-12 years old) in Kashan City. The participants were recruited via random cluster sampling. The BEARS [B = Bedtime Issues, E = Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), A = Night Awakenings, R = Regularity and Duration of Sleep,  S = Snoring] questionnaire was completed by mothers. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics [mean and standard deviation (SD)], t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 300 students participated in the study. Of them, 44.3% (133) were boys and 55.7% (167) were girls. The most common problem was nightmare (15.7%) and resistance against wakening (21.5%). The frequency of waking up at night in boys was higher than girls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High frequency of sleep problems in the study indicates the importance of sleep problems in children. To promote the awareness of parents, it is necessary to give information about healthy sleep patterns through schools and parent-teacher meetings.     https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/93 https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/download/93/80