Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Sleep Sciences 2476-2938 7 1-2 2023 06 25 10 15 Marjan Shamspour Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Shahid Beheshti, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Najmeh Shamspour Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Nazanin Kharazmi Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Jalal Azmandian Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Azam Dehghani Clinical Research Development Unit, Afzalipoor Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohamad Reza Zare Cardiovascular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2022 05 22 2023 02 05 Background and Objective: Determining sleep quality in hemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients can provide valuable clinical information for planning treatment and care in this group of patients. Thus, we compared sleep quality between hemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 transplant patients and 60 hemodialysis patients were select-ed using convenience sampling method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with 89% validity and 86% reliabil-ity was used to assess patients' sleep quality. Results: The mean PSQI score was higher in the hemodialysis group (7.78) than the kidney transplantation group (6.15). This indicates that the sleep quality in hemodialysis patients is worse than in patients after kidney transplantation (P = 0.028). The frequency of poor sleep quality in hemodialysis patients was higher than in kidney transplant patients [50(83.3%) vs. 37(61.7%)]. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that kidney transplant recipients have better sleep quality than hemodial-ysis patients. https://jss.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jss/article/view/234